energy efficient routing in mobile ad hoc networks by using honey bee mating optimization

mobile ad hoc networks (manets) are composed of mobile stations communicating through wireless links, without any fixed backbone support. in these networks, limited power energy supply, and frequent topology changes caused by node mobility, makes their routing a challenging problem. tora is one of the routing protocols that successfully copes with the nodes’ mobility side effects, but it doesn’t take into the nodes’ energy level. to solve this problem, this paper employs honey bee mating optimization (hbmo) principles to present a new routing protocol, called hbmo-tora algorithm. simulation results show that hbmo-tora outperforms tora in terms of packet delivery ratio, network life time, system life time and end-to-end delay.